﻿{"id":94180,"date":"2018-02-01T16:51:48","date_gmt":"2018-02-01T08:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta2.law.asia\/zh-hans\/?p=94180"},"modified":"2022-09-16T17:00:07","modified_gmt":"2022-09-16T09:00:07","slug":"%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%b6%e8%b1%81%e5%85%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta2.law.asia\/zh-hans\/%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%b6%e8%b1%81%e5%85%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-1st-paragraph-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-32\">\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u67d0\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u5916\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u8d77\u8bc9\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u9700\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u6cd5\u9662\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u3002\u672c\u671f\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u6cd5\u57df\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9002\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Subhead-Grey-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"vantage-red\"><strong>\u4f55\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Body-No-Indent-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u67d0\u6cd5\u57df\u6388\u4e88\u5916\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u6743\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u514d\u5728\u8be5\u6cd5\u57df\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u8be5\u6cd5\u57df\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u514d\u53d7\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u672a\u7ecf\u4e00\u56fd\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u53d7\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u7ba1\u8f96\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793c\u8ba9\u6216\u53cb\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u793c\u8ba9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf7\u89c1\u300a\u5546\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c8\u8f91\u7b2c8\u671f\uff1a\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/beta2.law.asia\/zh-hans\/%e8%b7%a8%e5%a2%83%e7%a0%b4%e4%ba%a7\/\">\u8de8\u5883\u7834\u4ea7<\/a>\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Body-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8bb8\u591a\u6cd5\u57df\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5176\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u5747\u4eab\u53d7\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5176\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u57df\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5b98\u65b9\u8c41\u514d\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5728\u5404\u6cd5\u57df\u5747\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7b49\u6cd5\u57df\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u4eab\u6709\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u57df\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5dde\u548c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Body-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u867d\u7136\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u201d\u7684\u533a\u522b\u6709\u65f6\u5728\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5916\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u672c\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e92\u6362\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Body-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u5404\u56fd\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u5c1a\u672a\u751f\u6548\u3002\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u8d22\u4ea7\u7ba1\u8f96\u8c41\u514d\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u572830\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6279\u51c6\u6216\u8005\u540c\u610f\u52a0\u5165\u8be5\u516c\u7ea6\u4e4b\u540e\u751f\u6548\u3002\u622a\u81f3\u672c\u6587\u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u670928\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8be5\u516c\u7ea6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\uff0c21\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5747\u5df2\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u8be5\u516c\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Subhead-Grey-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-red\">\u7edd\u5bf9\u6216\u6709\u9650\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Body-No-Indent-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u5c31\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u9002\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u6cd5\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u627f\u8ba4\u7edd\u5bf9\u8c41\u514d\u548c\u627f\u8ba4\u6709\u9650\u8c41\u514d\u4e24\u79cd\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u8c41\u514d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6cd5\u57df\u627f\u8ba4\u4e00\u56fd\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5747\u4eab\u6709\u8c41\u514d\u6743\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4eab\u6709\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u3002\u5728\u6709\u9650\u8c41\u514d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6cd5\u57df\u4ec5\u627f\u8ba4\u4e00\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u4eab\u6709\u8c41\u514d\u6743\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e8e\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Body-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u6709\u9650\u8c41\u514d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ece\u4e8b\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e39\u5b81\u52cb\u72351977\u5e74\u5728Trendtex\u6848\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb50\u5e74\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba9\u5176\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u4f53\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u79df\u8d41\u8239\u8236\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u53d1\u884c\u4fe1\u7528\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u592a\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u8be5\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u4e86\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6709\u9650\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Body-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\u6709\u9650\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8ba4\u7edd\u5bf9\u8c41\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Body-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u6709\u9650\u8c41\u514d\u539f\u5219\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u9002\u7528\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u57df\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u53d7\u52301978\u5e74\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u6cd5\u300b\u7ba1\u8f96\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5916\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u5f15\u6587\u4e00\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff09<\/p>\n<div id=\"_idContainer245\" class=\"\u57fa\u672c\u56fe\u5f62\u6846\u67b6 _idGenObjectStyleOverride-1\">\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em><span class=\"CharOverride-38\">\u5f15\u6587\u4e00\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"CharOverride-39\" lang=\"en-US\">Citation 1<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"_idContainer246\" class=\"\u57fa\u672c\u56fe\u5f62\u6846\u67b6 _idGenObjectStyleOverride-1\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<p class=\"ParaOverride-11\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em><span class=\"CharOverride-13\" lang=\"zh-CN\">\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c41\u514d\u6cd5\u300b<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761 \u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5408\u540c<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>1. \u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4eab\u6709\u8c41\u514d\uff1a<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number ParaOverride-12\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\uff08a\uff09 \u56fd\u5bb6\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u6216<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number ParaOverride-12\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\uff08b\uff09 \u56fd\u5bb6\u6839\u636e\u5408\u540c\u6240\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff08\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5c65\u884c\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>2. \u5982\u679c\u4e89\u8bae\u53cc\u65b9\u5747\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53e6\u6709\u4e66\u9762\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u672c\u6761\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff1b\u5982\u5408\u540c\uff08\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u662f\u5728\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u5883\u5185\u7f14\u7ed3\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u53d7\u8be5\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f96\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b2c(1)(b)\u9879\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>3. \u672c\u6761\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u662f\u6307<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number ParaOverride-12\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\uff08a\uff09 \u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d27\u7269\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff1b<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number ParaOverride-12\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\uff08b\uff09 \u4efb\u4f55\u8d37\u6b3e\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u5173\u6b64\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u91d1\u878d\u503a\u52a1\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\uff1b<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number ParaOverride-12\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\uff08c\uff09 \u56fd\u5bb6\u9664\u884c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6743\u5916\u6240\u53c2\u52a0\u6216\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u6027\u7684\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09\uff1b<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Chi-number\" lang=\"zh-CN\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u4f46\u672c\u6761\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b2c\uff081\uff09\u6b3e\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u5747\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u96c7\u7528\u5951\u7ea6\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em><span class=\"CharOverride-2\">UK State Immunity Act<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em><span class=\"CharOverride-2\">3 Commercial transactions and contracts to be performed in United Kingdom.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>1. A State is not immune as respects proceedings relating to\u2014<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number ParaOverride-13\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>(a) a commercial transaction entered into by the State; or<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number ParaOverride-13\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>(b) an obligation of the State which by virtue of a contract (whether a commercial transaction or not) falls to be performed wholly or partly in the United Kingdom.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>2. This section does not apply if the parties to the dispute are States or have otherwise agreed in writing; and subsection (1)(b) above does not apply if the contract (not being a commercial transaction) was made in the territory of the State concerned and the obligation in question is governed by its administrative law.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>3. In this section \u201ccommercial transaction\u201d means\u2014<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number ParaOverride-13\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>(a) any contract for the supply of goods or services;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number ParaOverride-13\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>(b) any loan or other transaction for the provision of finance and any guarantee or indemnity in respect of any such transaction or of any other financial obligation; and<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number ParaOverride-13\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>(c) any other transaction or activity (whether of a commercial, industrial, financial, professional or other similar character) into which a State enters or in\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>which it engages otherwise than in the exercise of sovereign authority;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Lexicon_Lexicon-Biligual-Eng-number\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>but neither paragraph of subsection (1) above applies to a contract of employment between a State and an individual.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p lang=\"zh-CN\"><style>.iblj-only, .cblj-only, .ablj-only {\r\n    display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#td-outer-wrap.ABLJ .ablj-only{\r\n    display: inline;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#td-outer-wrap.CBLJ .cblj-only{\r\n    display: inline;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#td-outer-wrap.IBLJ .iblj-only{\r\n    display: inline;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#td-outer-wrap.ABLJ .general-link, #td-outer-wrap.CBLJ .general-link, #td-outer-wrap.IBLJ .general-link {\r\n    display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n.zh-only .general-link, #td-outer-wrap.CBLJ .zh-only .cblj-only{\r\n    display: inline;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.zh-only .cblj-only , #td-outer-wrap.CBLJ .zh-only .general-link{\r\n    display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.ihc_locker_1 p {\r\n    font-size: 20px;\r\n    line-height: 32px;\r\n}<\/style><div class=\"ihc-locker-wrap\"><div style='max-width:640px; margin:auto; ' class='ihc_locker_1'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><h2 class=\"en-only\" style=\"font-size: 25px\">\r\n    You must be a\r\n    <a\r\n        class=\"vantage-orange ablj-only\"\r\n        href=\"\/ablj-subscribe\/?utm_source=WP&utm_medium=lock&utm_campaign=paywall\"\r\n        >subscriber<\/a\r\n    ><a\r\n        class=\"vantage-orange cblj-only\"\r\n        href=\"\/cblj-subscribe\/?utm_source=WP&utm_medium=lock&utm_campaign=paywall\"\r\n        >subscriber<\/a\r\n    ><a\r\n        class=\"vantage-orange iblj-only\"\r\n        href=\"\/iblj-subscribe\/?utm_source=WP&utm_medium=lock&utm_campaign=paywall\"\r\n        >subscriber<\/a\r\n    ><a\r\n        class=\"general-link vantage-orange\"\r\n        href=\"\/knowledge-store-subscription\/\"\r\n        >subscriber<\/a\r\n    >\r\n    to read this content, please\r\n    <a\r\n        class=\"vantage-orange ablj-only\"\r\n        href=\"\/ablj-subscribe\/?utm_source=WP&utm_medium=lock&utm_campaign=paywall\"\r\n        >subscribe<\/a\r\n    ><a\r\n        class=\"vantage-orange cblj-only\"\r\n        href=\"\/cblj-subscribe\/?utm_source=WP&utm_medium=lock&utm_campaign=paywall\"\r\n        >subscribe<\/a\r\n    ><a\r\n        class=\"vantage-orange iblj-only\"\r\n        href=\"\/iblj-subscribe\/?utm_source=WP&utm_medium=lock&utm_campaign=paywall\"\r\n        >subscribe<\/a\r\n    ><a\r\n        class=\"vantage-orange general-link\"\r\n        href=\"\/knowledge-store-subscription\/\"\r\n        >subscribe<\/a\r\n    >\r\n    today.\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<p>For group subscribers, please <a href=\"\/login\/\">click here<\/a> to access.<br>Interested in group subscription? Please <a href=\"\/contact-us\/\">contact us<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<\/h2>\r\n<h2 class=\"zh-only\" style=\"font-size: 25px\">\r\n    \u4f60\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u53bb\u89e3\u9501\u672c\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6b22\u8fce<a\r\n        class=\"vantage-orange\"\r\n        href=\"\/subscription-register\/?p=cblj\"\r\n        >\u6ce8\u518c\u8d26\u53f7<\/a\r\n    >\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u9605\u8bfb\u6708\u520a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce<a\r\n        class=\"general-link vantage-orange\"\r\n        href=\"\/knowledge-store-subscription\/\"\r\n        >\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u4f1a\u5458<\/a\r\n    ><a\r\n        class=\"cblj-only vantage-orange\"\r\n        href=\"\/cblj-subscribe\/?utm_source=WP&utm_medium=lock&utm_campaign=paywall\"\r\n        >\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u4f1a\u5458<\/a\r\n    >\u3002\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<p>\u5df2\u6709\u96c6\u56e2\u8ba2\u9605\uff0c\u53ef<a href=\"\/login\/\">\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904<\/a>\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d4f\u89c8\u3002<br>\u5982\u5bf9\u96c6\u56e2\u8ba2\u9605\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8bf7<a href=\"\/contact-us\/\">\u8054\u7edc\u6211\u4eec<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/h2><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"ihc-login-form-wrap ihc-login-template-1\"><form action=\"\" method=\"post\" id=\"ihc_login_form\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"ihcaction\" value=\"login\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"locker\" value=\"1\" \/><div class=\"impu-form-line-fr\"><span class=\"impu-form-label-fr impu-form-label-username\">\u7528\u6237\u540d:<\/span><input type=\"text\" value=\"\" name=\"log\" \/><\/div><div class=\"impu-form-line-fr\"><span class=\"impu-form-label-fr impu-form-label-pass\">\u5bc6\u7801:<\/span><input type=\"password\" value=\"\" name=\"pwd\" \/><\/div><div  class=\"impu-form-line-fr impu-form-links\"><div class=\"impu-form-links-pass\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta2.law.asia\/password-recovery\/\">\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5bc6\u7801\uff1f<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"impu-form-line-fr impu-form-submit\"><input type=\"submit\" value=\"\u767b\u5f55\" name=\"Submit\"  class=\"button button-primary button-large\"\/><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"vantage-bg-grey\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_1524\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1524\" style=\"width: 148px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta2.law.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Andrew_Godwin_2015.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1524\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1525\" src=\"https:\/\/beta2.law.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Andrew_Godwin_2015.jpg\" alt=\"\u845b\u5b89\u5fb7 Andrew Godwin \" width=\"148\" height=\"172\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1524\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u845b\u5b89\u5fb7<br \/>Andrew Godwin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"Body-body-Eng ParaOverride-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u845b\u5b89\u5fb7\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u5e74\u5229\u8fbe\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ee3\u8868\u5904\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u8be5\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u4e9a\u6d32\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u845b\u5b89\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5546\u6cd5\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u8be0\u91ca\u300b\u91cd\u65b0\u6c47\u7f16\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u672c\u520a\u201c\u5546\u6cd5\u8bcd\u6c47\u201d\u4e13\u680f\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u7531Vantage Asia\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5982\u6b32\u8ba2\u8d2d\uff0c\u8bf7\u5373\u767b\u5f55 beta2.law.asia<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u67d0\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4e0e\u56fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":87201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":""},"categories":[1621,75,254],"tags":[1811],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.7 (Yoast SEO v17.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta 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